Jewish Heritage in Denmark: A remarkable and resilient legacy
The First Jewish Settlers (1622)
The history of Jews in Denmark begins in 1622 when King Christian IV invited Jewish merchants from Amsterdam and Hamburg to settle in the country. His goal was to stimulate trade and commerce. These early settlers were granted significant trade privileges and protection from religious persecution. Over time, Jews became integral to Danish society, with prominent figures such as Nobel laureate Niels Bohr, entertainer Victor Borge, and Academy Award-winning director Susanne Bier contributing to Denmark’s cultural, scientific, and artistic achievements.
Some of these settlers rose to high positions, such as royal physicians and governors of the Danish West Indies (modern-day U.S. Virgin Islands), showcasing the Jewish community’s growing influence.
Eastern European Immigration (Early 1900s)
The early 20th century saw an influx of Jewish immigrants fleeing pogroms and widespread antisemitism in Eastern Europe. Over 100,000 Jews passed through Copenhagen’s port en route to America, with approximately 3,000 choosing to settle in Denmark.
This new wave of immigrants, largely from Poland and Russia, faced tension with the established Danish-Jewish community, who were concerned about potential social and political repercussions. Despite these challenges, gestures of aid, such as offering boat tickets to Ellis Island, were extended to the newcomers.
The immigrants, often poor and driven by different religious and political beliefs, settled primarily in Copenhagen, working tirelessly—sometimes up to 20 hours a day—to build a new life. Among these newcomers was Salomon Bornstein, who founded a successful clothing factory in the city center, symbolizing the resilience and industriousness of this community.
The Incredible Rescue of Danish Jews During World War II
One of Denmark’s most remarkable chapters unfolded during World War II, when the country defied Nazi orders to deport its Jewish population. In September 1943, Danish citizens—spontaneously and at great personal risk—mobilized to help nearly 7,000 Jews and 600 non-Jewish spouses escape to neutral Sweden.
The rescue was a collaborative effort involving Danish fishermen, resistance members, and everyday citizens. This extraordinary mission demonstrated the courage and humanity of the Danish people in the face of oppression.
Explore Jewish History with Our Tailored Tours
Dive deeper into Denmark’s rich Jewish history by booking one of our private Jewish heritage tours. Our themed tours highlight the diverse aspects of Jewish life, from the earliest settlers to contemporary culture, while shedding light on the pivotal moments that shaped this vibrant community.